Marula nuts. In a pan, roast the nuts until golden (15 min).

Marula fruits can be eaten fresh, squeezed to make juice, brewed in traditional beer or used to Jun 25, 2023 · The tree’s genus name, Sclerocarya, is derived from the Greek words scleros (hard) and karyon (nut or kernel), referencing the hard kernel within the fruit. What role can the commercialisation of natural resource products play in the efforts to reduce poverty and vulnerability and how can this be enhanced? The fact that the marula tree grows in drier parts where common oil seeds cannot thrive has stirred interest in marula nut oil as a valuable renewable source of energy. Without the communities of the Bushbuckridge area near Kruger National Park, Marula Natural Products Pty Ltd would not exist. Nonalcoholic drinks, wines, teas, spices, oils, and medicines are all created using the Marula Oil is excellent for all topical cosmetic formulations. Find out more on this unique tree and its use. 7 mg / 100 g oil, with γ -tocopherol predomi- Natural resources such as the marula fruit & nut are a source of fascination for many. 3. Roots and bark are also used as laxatives. Aug 15, 2023 · The seed from the fruit consists of 2-3 nuts that are rich in oil and protein, that can be eaten either raw or roasted. They are very nutritious and contain about 25% protein as well as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). This is especially important as they could be anaphylactic reactions. The marula pulp and nut are rich in a specific fatty acid which may prevent many diseases that cause health problems as shown in Table 4. Grown wild, each fruit is carefully hand-picked, washed, destoned, pulped and cooled to ensure the best quality, before being distilled into marula fruit spirit. Most diners consume the fruit raw, pureed in juice, or cooked in jams and jellies. Seed allergies are much less common than nut allergies, but do still exist. C. Remove pan from heat. 7/100 g of lipids found in the nut of Marula and Glew et al. Physical Appearance – The marula tree is a medium-sized deciduous tree, reaching heights of up to 18 meters. Recent in vitro characterization [ 15 ] and in vivo studies with broiler chicken [ 16 ] have demonstrated the potential of MNM to replace SBM in broiler chicken feeds. The nut inside of the marula fruit is full of protein and minerals. Because marula oil is rich in protein and easily absorbed, it’s become a popular treatment for hair and skin. Feb 25, 2023 · Sclerocarya birrea (marula) oil is derived from the nuts of the marula tree, which grows in parts of Southern Africa. [citation needed] Because of the marula tree's association with elephants, the distiller has made them its symbol and supports elephant conservation efforts, co-funding the Amarula Elephant Research Programme at the University of Natal, Durban. Our organically crafted Marula Oil is extracted from the kernels (nuts) of the fruits of the wild growing Sclerocarya birrea trees [Family: Anacardiaceae] growing in the most pristine and open woodlands of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is a difficult nut to press containing little fibre, and it is a spongy, soft nut with a relatively high amount of oil. A tea can be made with the bark from the tree to treat diarrhoea. The South African marula fruit and oil is edible and loved by humans and animals, especially the warthog, elephant, waterbuck, giraffe and kudu all eat the fruit, nut and leaves of the tree. Aug 4, 2023 · A Glimpse into Marula Fruit. https://pubmed. You can use marula oil during the day or at night. Jan 1, 2002 · Unlike other nut oils, marula oil is a poor source of V itamin E due a low level of B-tocopherol (Shone, 1979). Rated 0 out of 5. Origins | The Tree | The Fruit | The Nut | The Kernel The history of the marula tree goes back thousands of years. Once again, I am sharing this information in the hope that spreading the word may save nut allergy sufferers from future reactions. Use the marula nut butter on sandwiches, or with meat, vegetables, rice etc. With the other half, prepare the nut butter by blitzing in a food processor or blender Sep 26, 2019 · Marula oil is high in antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and amino acids. Just cover with water and boil until they soften, about 1 hour. The bark is an excellent remedy for haemorrhoids. This high mono-unsaturated fatty acid profile is similar to olive oil and is rich in antioxidants. Set half of the toasted nuts aside. 1 kg marula kernels Pinch of salt. Nov 1, 2017 · Fatty acid and amino acid profiles of marula nuts showed a high content of both oleic and palmitic acids, and good stability of the oil (Thiong'o et al. ncbi. The marula nut in the center is also high in protein. The seed must be pressed gently at first and as the oil level drops, the pressure can be increased. Snacks Traditional healers use the hard nut in their divining dice. They can also be roasted or eaten as is. Here's why and how it works. Our marula oil is cold-pressed from the finest marula nuts, ensuring a pure and potent oil with exceptional skincare properties. Marula oil is best known as a skincare ingredient , but it has immense benefits for hair as well. CRIAA SA-DC for DFID/FRP Winners and Losers The Marula Nut Oil Press was developed by New Dawn Engineering to express the oil. Impala , kudu , nyala , baboons , warthogs , and other creatures also feed on this delicious treat. Grind the same way peanut butter is ground, using a grinding stone or peanut butter machine. For ages, these little nuts have been vital to the well-being of native American tribes, providing them with a plentiful supply of sustenance, customary healing methods, and an exceptional bond with the soil. The marula fruit wine is also important in many communities for cultural Marula nuts (plain) Dikgeru. The The nut comprises an average 90 % shell and only 10 % kernel , making kernel and 2. Vongai’s life changed for the better when she began cracking nuts from the local marula trees and selling kernels. Roast nuts in a dry pan over medium heat until fragrant. Jul 16, 2024 · Marula oil comes from the nuts, seeds, and fruit of the marula tree, which is native to South Africa. Marula nut butter. Nov 5, 2019 · The lipid content varied from 50% to 85% on a dry weight basis on marula nut and was reported to increase with harvesting time . The pits are dried in the sun and cracked by hand. Stir in This study was carried out to assess the challenges faced by small-scale cashew nut processors in Ruangwa District, Tanzania. Pate, R Laamanen (2002) – A survey of marula fruit yields in North-central Namibia. The fruit is high in protein and vitamin C. The kernels or nuts contained within the fruits of the marula tree are the source of marula oil. Walnut oil is the highest in omega-3s. Nutritional Value of Marula Fruit. Physical and Chemical Characteristics person_outline Keith Taylor 15y ago. The skin of the marula fruit is incredibly high in vitamin C, eight times more than an orange. Stir together sugar, baobab powder and 1/2 cup water in a saucepan. 135g dark chocolate; 250ml cream; 100g roasted and crushed marula nuts; Directions. Product/service Marula tree grow and care – tree of the genus Sclerocarya also known as Amarula plant or as Sclerocarya birrea, Marula tree perennial evergreen to semi-deciduous plant, used for the edible fruits and seeds, also used as ornamental plant can be shade tree or grow as bonsai and can be drought tollerant, grow in desert, mediterranean or subtropical climate and growing in hardiness zone 10-12. Oct 25, 2022 · The marula, with its scaly bark and rounded crown, can grow to between 15m and 18m in height. A drink made from marula leaves is used for the treatment of gonorrhoea. Jul 26, 2022 · Sclerocarya birrea (Morula tree) is one of the indigenous trees bearing wild fruits with various applications in the African communities. Marula nuts. In recent years, it has gained widespread popularity in the beauty industry due to its incredible benefits for the skin. Sep 7, 2020 · 200g roasted marula nuts Optional: chocolate sauce and marula nut dip. Jun 8, 2023 · Botswana, a landlocked country in Southern Africa, is home to a remarkable natural treasure known as the Marula tree or the Botswana National Tree. 42 communities harvest the marula fruit and crack the nuts to produce the kernels that produce the magical marula oil. The fruit is not only a delicacy for elephants . Marula Tree Fruit Sep 13, 2021 · Marula oil is a popular ingredient in cosmetic products like skin lotions, lipsticks and foundations. Directions: 1. Common names include jelly plum, cat thorn, morula, cider tree, marula, maroola nut/plum, and in Afrikaans, maroela. Nov 13, 2023 · Marula oil is an oil extracted both from the kernels and the nuts of the marula fruit tree, which is native to parts of southern Africa. May 8, 2019 · Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) oil is a clear pale nut oil that is extracted from the nut kernels of the marula tree. Sourced from the finest marula trees in southern Africa, these nuts are carefully harvested, dried, and expertly packaged to ensure freshness and quality. The amino acid of marula is rich in glutamic acid and low in lysine ( Thiong'o et al. Marula nut is also rich . The light-yellow oil has a faint nutty scent, is fast-absorbing Marula oil is an active ingredient in cosmetology products due to its ability to hydrate, smoothen and moisturize the skin, hair and nails. We celebrate the luscious aroma and flavour of the marula fruit in a truly free spirit that is a fitting tribute to our African heritage. . From January through April, the marula fruit ripens and falls to the ground. , 2002 ). Add a pinch of salt. There are one or two flavourful nuts inside the flesh of these insects which are rich in protein. 5. 43 likes. Marula fruits are also a source of income for many African communities. In the Pomongwe Cave in Zimbabwe Apr 26, 2015 · Marula Jelly. In a pan, roast the nuts until golden (15 min). Marula trees, scientifically known as Sclerocarya birrea, thrive in the rich soils of sub-Saharan regions in Africa. This gives it lovely stability to oxidation and is highly nourishing, naturally softening and revitalizing to the skin. Marula Natural Products Pty Ltd is a high-quality, community-based, value driven African producer of marula fruit pulp and marula oil. Rich. Marula fruit extract helps to moisturize and hydrate the skin, promoting a healthy complexion. Shone ( 1979 ) and Von Teichman ( 1983 ) reported 5. GANDURE This has led to the evaluation of marula nut oil as a potential substrate for biodiesel production. Feb 4, 2011 · Local communities in southern Africa derive many benefits from marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A. du Plessis, K. subsp. It is widely used as an ingredient in skin products. Typically, the seeds are boiled or crushed to extract the oil. Out of stock. The fruits are rich in Vitamin C Oleic acid Antioxidants The nuts are nutritious and contain high levels of: Minerals like iron, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus and copper. That being said, the ones that I see most often are walnut oil, macadamia nut oil and pine nut oil. This study was conducted to assess nutritional and phytochemical variation of Sclerocarya birrea (subspecies caffra and birrea ) fruits planted in an international provenance trial in Malawi. It is used as edible oil and a cosmetic to apply to your skin and hair. Dried marula nuts. (2) Chock-full of antioxidants like vitamins C and E—as well as fatty acids like oleic, palmitic, linoleic, palmitoleic and stearic acids(2 Natural resources such as the marula fruit & nut are a source of fascination for many. Oil can be made from pretty much any tree nut. The marula nuts are edible and usually roasted. May 19, 2023 · Here, ZimTrade and its partners will improve capacities of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) so that they meet requirements for exporting Bambara nuts, marula, and chilli to European Union and other markets. Jul 5, 2024 · The nutritious little marula fruit is the size of a small plum, but it packs a punch and is also fondly known as the elephant tree as rumored to be an elephant’s favorite fruit. The nut is crushed to remove the seeds. Apr 29, 2021 · Marula oil is primarily extracted from the inner kernel of the marula nut but can also come from the husks of the nut as well. Bottled in Tembisa. Preheat oven to 180°C. nlm. Ingredients: 2 1/2 liters/ 13 cups of marula juice; 11 cups granulated sugar; 4 medium lemons, juiced; Method: Scrub the marula fruit well, score, and then fill two large heavy-based pots three-quarters full (as illustrated above). A Natal plum–Marula nut bar was made by mixing the raw nuts and the fruit pulp in a ratio 1:1 (v/v). Eating well with Feb 1, 2023 · Currently SBM costs USD450 per metric tonne on the world commodities market (Index Mundi, 2022) while MNM, a by-product of Marula nut oil extraction, is freely available; so there is no direct cost attributed its production. 1. ) Kokwaro]. 4. Jun 26, 2024 · The marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea) is a hidden culinary gem that grows in the lush landscapes of Africa. It is often used in cosmetics, skincare products, and hair care products due to its high antioxidant and nourishing properties. 5 Tbsp vegetable oil; 425g marshmallows (2 bags) baking paper; Directions. For the hair, you can use it as a conditioner or mask. 5/100 g dry weight of lipids in the nut. Dec 13, 2019 · First things first: Marula oil is a lightweight and antioxidant-rich oil that hails from the nuts and kernels found in marula trees. "Rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and oleic acid, it is used to nourish and soften the skin and What Is Marula Oil? Derived from the nuts, seeds and fruit of the marula tree,(1) which is native to sub-Saharan Africa, marula oil (also known as Sclerocarya birrea oil) has traditionally been used by the continent's Zulu people to maintain healthy skin. The cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (Cy-3-Sa) and cyanidin-3 Feb 4, 2020 · Two hundred 9-day old Japanese quail chicks were randomly allocated to grower diets wherein Marula nut meal (MNM) substituted SBM on a crude protein (CP) basis at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% and fed for 4 weeks, followed by being fed on similarly formulated finisher diets for 2 weeks, and thereafter they were humanely slaughtered and dressed. Yet, there isn't much data out there to support its effectiveness. Cattle and game benefit from the leaves, bark and fruit. Snacks Creamy Vanilla Fudge – 30g. Natural resources such as the marula fruit & nut are a source of fascination for many. 6 days ago · Marula oil: Perhaps the most versatile use of marula fruit is marula oil. The nuts are also used to make Marula oil, which is used in cosmetics and skin care products. The Marula tree is adapted to dry and hot weather conditions, growing best in the warm, frost-free regions of South Africa. Apr 30, 2020 · The lipid content varied from 50% to 85% on a dry weight basis on marula nut and was reported to increase with harvesting time . These include the contribution of this species towards health, nutrition, food security and conservation by sharing local skills and knowledge related to it. Nuts can be used as a delicious high fibre and protein snack while on the go alongside the additional benefits of containing healthy unsaturated fats, vitamins and minerals. Jun 4, 2022 · In our farm kitchens the fruits and now also the nuts are processed into various farm products. A decoction of the bark treats dysentery, diarrhoea, rheumatism and has a prophylactic effect against malaria. The oil is also used as a skin cosmetic. nih Sep 7, 2020 · 1 cup marula and mongongo nuts (roasted) For the frosting: 1 tub cream cheese; 1 cup (125g) icing sugar; 4-6 tablespoons baobab powder; 2 teaspoons vanilla extract; Some marula and mongongo nuts to garnish Marula nuts are the seeds found in marula fruit are located inside the walnut-sized stone in the middle and have a very delicate and distinct aroma. ACES J. The shells of the nuts can be used as paving, as a mulch or to make fires. The study employed a correlational research design using a survey on a sample of 180 small-scale cashew nut processors. In 2018, it was estimated that over US$ 20 million was spent on cosmetic product manufacturing using marula oil (2). Toast marula kernels for 1 minute. Apr 11, 2022 · A comparison of the proximate, fibre, mineral content, amino acid and the fatty acid profile of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea caffra) nut and soyabean (Glycine max) meals. Oct 11, 2022 · Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) is one of the indigenous fruit trees that was selected for domestication in Malawi. The cyanidin-3- O -sambubioside (Cy-3-Sa) and cyanidin-3- O -glucoside content (Cy-3-G) were quantified using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS). [Citation 85] Lipids that are essential fatty acids are bioactive like essential amino acids and can only be obtained from food. R 20. Marula fruit yield ranges from a few kg per tree to 2860 kg in young and older trees, respectively (Botelle et al. May 7, 2024 · Low FODMAP nuts are important to identify so that you can get the benefit of nuts in your diet without the symptoms of FODMAPs. Jul 9, 2015 · Marula oil made from seeds of the marula plant may cause allergic reactions to those with nut allergies. It's been used for centuries by locals to treat various skin conditions. On Ghaub, the fruit ripens between January and March. The species name, birrea, refers to the tree’s bitter taste. 2. In this article, we will explore the Marula tree in Jun 11, 2023 · Marula fruits are an important part of indigenous African cultures. Materials and Methods 2. The Marula is a botanical landmark on Ghaub. 00 Read more. DFID/FRP Winners and Losers in Forest Product Commercialisation (ZF0140/R7795) Botelle, A, P. Bloempoort, MP. Jan 1, 2019 · The study observed that 95% of the sampled households harvested and utilised marula fruits to produce several products including jam, marula wine, nuts for consumption, and soda. Found growing naturally in the woodland areas of the southern parts of Africa, the useful and versatile Marula Tree is highly respected and Nov 15, 2023 · Nut oils also are a good source of healthy nutrients, but they lack the fiber found in whole nuts. Indulge in the exquisite taste and nutritional goodness of our premium marula nuts. by the year 2030. phenotypic variation in marula (Sclerocarya birrea) fruits, nuts and kernels in South Africa and Namibia. The relationship was built over a seven-year process, and for the past three years, Marula Natural Sep 4, 2020 · 1 ½ cups marula nut butter (recipe follows) ¾ can (385g) of sweetened condensed milk; 4. Amarula cream: Sugar, cream, and marula fruit combine to give a cream liqueur that tastes like caramel. Marula Nuts grown in Limpopo. Known for its high concentration of antioxidants and essential fatty acids, marula oil deeply moisturizes and nourishes the skin, promoting a healthy and radiant complexion. Feb 14, 2024 · The Marula, or Sclerocarya birrea, is a resilient subtropical tree renowned for its delicious fruits and nuts. Marula stones are very easily sprouted on their intended growing sites by completely enclosing them in fresh manure: that from cattle is preferred, but horse, rabbit, pig and chicken will suffice. Uses Traditional uses Marula Oil is derived from the nuts of the Sclerocarya birrea botanical – better known as the Marula Tree – which is a member of the same botanical family as Cashew, Mango, and Pistachio trees. [1] More specifically, this oil comes from the nut of the fruit of the marula tree. Large saturniid caterpillars and the larvae of cerambycid wood boring beetles are taken from the marula tree and roasted. Recipes and legends abound on the multiple uses of the marula tree bark, leaves, fruits, nuts, oil and kernels. Consider using nut oils in homemade salad dressing or in cooking. Whether you have dry or oily skin, it doesn’t matter. The Marula is an invaluable and very attractive shade tree for large properties, farms and game farms, and in many rural fruit-farming communities a couple of these trees are planted to attract pollinators in early spring. Apr 23, 2024 · Marula oil is a product of the marula tree, scientifically known as Sclerocarya birrea. Jul 31, 2017 · The cold press produced Marula nut meal (MNM2) had higher arginine than the hydraulic filter press produced Marula nut meal (MNM1) and SBM. Wild Marula Spirit. Marula oil has traditionally been used in south Africa, where the tree grows, and has a wide use as a natural skin care product and in cooking. In the quest for economically sustainable products with global appeal, scientists, governmental and private organisations alike seek to make marula commercially viable. Mix together the butter and sugar until they are just combined. The Marula has long been considered an important food source for humans and animals on the African continent. Dec 1, 2019 · The Marula nut meal (MNM), a by-product from oil extraction from local small to medium scale Marula fruit processors, is a potential dietary protein source in quail feeds. Remove the skins as much as possible. The oil from the nuts makes an excellent skin treatment. We can end maluntrition. Apr 3, 2014 · Marula nut has higher lipid/oil content than Baobab, Adansonia digitata Carissa edulis and Hibiscus esculentus nuts as shown in Table 4. The meals had similar neutral and acid detergent fibre Jan 4, 2022 · This study investigated the effect of co-ingesting Natal plums (Carissa macrocarpa) and Marula nuts (Sclerocarya birrea) on the bioaccessibility and uptake of anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, and the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. Marula Fruit Extract: Marula fruit extract is a concentrated form derived from the Marula fruit. Apr 5, 2024 · Derived from the nuts of the Marula fruit, this golden-hued oil has been cherished for centuries by the indigenous people of Africa for its nourishing and healing properties. Once this oil is extracted, it can be used in a wide variety of cosmetic and cooking applications, although it is most famous for its effects on the skin and hair. Its fruits, savored by both humans and animals, ripen around March and have roots in African traditions 1 2 3 4. The demand for this rich African oil increased due to its benefits and varied uses. 1 ½ cups marula nuts. The green leaves of the marula tree is eaten to alleviate heartburn. Seed oils. Nut oils can become bitter if overheated. Its nuts are called marula nuts. Marula. Rust says his mother had long wanted to put the marula trees on their farm to good use. She also bought 3 goats, blankets, kitchen pots and even built a better house with zinc roofing. This unique tree, with its rich cultural and historical significance, holds a special place in the hearts of the Batswana people. , 2002). ( 1997 ) found 19. With their rich, buttery flavor and crunchy texture, marula nuts are a delightful snack on their own and a Aug 4, 2023 · Unless you know the oil is refined, I’d avoid these if you have a tree nut allergy. She manages to pay school fees and buy books for her 3 children now. “We have so many, and recently started making a variety of farm products from the fruit. Sep 17, 2021 · The fruit and nut of the Marula tree have been used for its nutritional worth since ancient times, since it is abundant in vitamin C and minerals. A relative of cashew, mango, and pistachio plants, the marula tree is iconic in South Africa. Jan 4, 2022 · A Natal plum-Marula nut bar was made by mixing the raw nuts and the fruit pulp in a ratio 1:1 (v/v). The nuts contain high levels of protein and minerals, such as iron, phosphorous, copper, magnesium and zinc, so they are an excellent food source. Mar 16, 2023 · Marula oil restores elasticity and smooths out cellulite and scars. ) Hochst. The tocopherol content of Scler ocarya birrea oil amounted to 13. Related products. Apr 6, 2024 · The marula belongs to the same family, Anacardiaceae, as the mango, cashew, pistachio and sumac, and is closely related to the genus Poupartia from Madagascar. Chewing the leaves can reduce heartburn. Archaeological evidence shows the marula tree was a source of nutrition as long as ago as 10,000 years B. Marula, Scelerocarya birrea, subspecies caffera, is one of Africa' botanical treasures. The kernels inside are then removed and used to make oil. But marula oil offers up a bevy of benefits that make it oh-so appropriate for a wide variety of applications: Sep 21, 2016 · The Marula nut is then left to dry from the harvest season up to a time when its ready to be cracked, a traditional method process called okutenda (women sit all day under a shade cracking the nut Jan 1, 2011 · This study presents a comparative in vivo nutritional evaluation of oil-extracted marula (Sclerocarya birrea subspecies caffra) seed cake (MSC) as a protein supplement for goats fed a basal diet Jan 4, 2022 · Inclusion of Natal plum in the Marula nut bar increased the Cy-3-Sa, Cy-3-G content, antioxidants capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition compared to ingesting Marula nut separately at the internal Jan 18, 2020 · The marula seeds, or nuts, are located inside an extremely hard, walnut-sized stone or “pip” surrounded by the marula flesh (think of the stone inside a plum) . Potassium is an intracellular cation which regulates a cellular osmotic balance. The petite, round marula fruits sprout in clusters along the tree’s branches, ripening to a golden yellow hue when optimally mature. When cooking with nut oils, remember that they respond differently to heat than do vegetable oils. These products offer superior health-giving qualities that are inherent in the natural marula fruit and nuts, and are based on traditional knowledge and uses of marula. Oct 1, 2012 · Unlike other nut oils, marula oil is a poor source of tocopherols. Then leave it, without stirring, until sugar begins to melt and turns golden. Marula nuts provide essential fatty acids that contain fat-soluble vitamins. caffra (Sond. Beloved in cosmetology for its marula oil, this tree is simple to cultivate and supports diverse wildlife. Remove skins. Continue to cook, stirring occasionally, until sugar has melted completely and mixture turns golden amber, about 10 minutes. African bush elephants enjoy eating the fruit of the marula tree. The fruit is used to make beer, jam, and a popular liqueur called Amarula. Drawbacks of marula nut kernel extraction in this manner include the need to recycle at least once, but more often several times, a substantial portion of uncracked nuts through the cracker, generation of excessive dust, and the manual extraction of a proportion of nut kernels still locked into shell fragments, or the recycling thereof, with the result that kernel extraction efficiency and Traditional healers use the hard nut in their divining dice. Wine is a globally known beverage usually made from grapes; however, recently, other fruits, including wild fruits with a considerable amount of sugars, can be used for making wines. Serving suggestions Eating well starts with Organic Food. The composition of marula oil is comparable to that of olive oil, with oleic acid prevailing and accounting for 63–70% of the total fatty acid. Jun 23, 2022 · Marula nut contains high amounts of calcium and magnesium than the pulp. on zq kl mh hb xw bu so yt jg