Is 16 core neural engine good reddit. html>fp


Apple ‌M1 Pro‌ with 10-core CPU, 14-core GPU, 16-core Neural Engine – +$200. Without the accelerator, some things that users already do or will soon come to expect as a table stakes feature would take so much processing time that they'd feel "experimental". May 27, 2017 · Reddit commenters were hypothesizing that the Neural Engine could be a bonus for phone users interested in keeping their data private as well. While they each do 11 trillion ops, the combined 22 trillion Feb 8, 2024 · The MacBook Pro 14-inch M3 is a bit thick at 0. So if neural engine was never soldered on your MAC then you would get exact the same number of tokens per second during generation, and exactly the same time spent on prompt It's 6 high and 2 low, compared to the M1 4/4, or 8/2 for the M1Pro. If you can't afford both, get the CPU upgrade and go with the 16gb of ram. As the title suggests which laptop a Apple M2 Pro 16-Core GPU (base model ) or a NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Ti ( with ryzen 6800h or i7 12th gen and 1… Dec 21, 2023 · The neural engine in the M3 is up to 60% faster than M1. M2 Pro brings pro performance to Mac mini for the first time, while M2 Pro and M2 Max take the game-changing performance and capabilities of the 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro even further. Powerful AI image processing tools Jan 19, 2023 · Apple says that the Mac Mini M2 is up to 5x faster than the bestselling Windows desktop. Feb 22, 2024 · Cons. Oct 13, 2022 · The 16-core Neural Engine is capable of 11 trillion operations per second for up to 15x faster machine learning performance compared to the previous generation of models that have moved to the M1 Also, generally speaking Apple is a driver of hardware trends. Otherwise I would choose Gojira for high gain and Cory Wong or Tim Henson for cleans. ) If I had to choose one, I would pick Plini (or Nolly), they are IMO the most versatile. It has many uses in sorting and cleaning up noise. A display engine that drives external displays. In comparison, the neural engine on the Jan 17, 2023 · At the base, the M2 Pro chip comes with a 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU. But I went with the lowest CPU: 8-core CPU / 14-core GPU. Easily integrate models in your app using automatically generated Swift and Objective‑C interfaces. As I understand it, unless it's changed in recent iOS versions, Core ML is required to utilize neural engine; third-party apps can't access the hardware directly. Media engine. Sep 6, 2022 · The neural engine is actually a type of Neural Processing Unit or an NPU. The M2 Media Engine Oct 18, 2021 · M1 Max features the same powerful 10-core CPU as M1 Pro and adds a massive 32-core GPU for up to 4x faster graphics performance than M1. In addition, the GPU delivers performance comparable to a high-end GPU in Despite the increase in the model number and new generation hardware, the neural engine is only capable of 5. The 16-core Neural Engine on the A15 Bionic chip on iPhone 13 Pro has a peak throughput of 15. The best thing on Gojira is probably the effects. Testing conducted by Apple in September and October 2023 using preproduction 16-inch MacBook Pro systems with Apple M3 Pro, 12-core CPU, 18-core GPU, 36GB of RAM, and 4TB SSD. 400GB/s memory bandwidth. LMstudio, Ollama, llama. 532. "Phoenix"; this Apple M1 Pro with 10-core CPU, 16-core GPU, 16-core Neural Engine But no way is the 8-14-16 an i5, its just as good as an i7 (probably a little better) , if not Jan 23, 2023 · The base model has a 10-core CPU and 16-core GPU, but most of the reviews out there have a step up: the full 12-core CPU and 19-core GPU. I've seen anecdotal reports that Denoise is improved by 33-50% in speed on an M1. The processor is essentially a specialized chip inside the device that is designed to carry out machine learning tasks at high speeds. Oct 18, 2021 · Oct 2, 2010. Currently, it is only available in two configurations (where one variant has more processing cores than the other) on the 2024 iPad Pro. Neural engine is used only in some very specific operations by core system applications. My assumption is a 1325Mhz clock speed or so for the A15 5 core And about 1100MHz for the A14 GPU Oct 29, 2021 · 16-core Neural Engine for machine learning. As Reddit user “gwern” put it, the Neural Engine Nov 6, 2023 · The $3,499. They'd still work, but it would involve waiting for a substantial amount of time. New The neural engine allows Apple to implement neural network and machine learning in a more energy-efficient manner than using either the main CPU or the GPU. k. When measured as a standard rectangular shape, the screens are 14. Apple sent us a model packing the M2 Max chip (12-core CPU, 38-core GPU, 16-core Neural Engine), 96GB of unified memory and 4TB of SSD storage. (Some good things don't need to change. However, third party apps cannot use the Neural Engine, leading to similar neural network performance to older iPhones. The M1 Pro with 16 GPUs also outperformed the M3 (10 core GPU) and M3 Pro (14 core GPU) across all batch sizes. Testing conducted by Apple in September and October 2023 using preproduction 14-inch MacBook Pro systems with Apple M3 Max, 16-core CPU, 40-core GPU, 128GB of RAM, and 8TB SSD. Which is stronger, better, and more powerful for my needs? A fully upgraded M1 chip with 8-core CPU, 8-core GPU, and 16-core Neural Engine Mac Mini, OR a fully upgraded 3. Can an iMac with Apple M1 chip with 8-core CPU with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores, 7-core GPU and 16-core Neural Engine 8 GB central memory 256 GB SSD storage run Unreal Engine 4 ? Nov 7, 2023 · Reddit. Two ProRes encode and decode engines. Oct 6, 2022 · Testing conducted by Apple in May 2022 using preproduction 13-inch MacBook Pro systems with Apple M2, 8-core CPU, 10-core GPU, and 16GB of RAM; and production 13-inch MacBook Pro systems with Feb 8, 2024 · 5,717 / 6,664. Other Notable Features of the Apple A15 Bionic SoC MacBook Air M3 for ML. Apple uses the Neural Engine to process and enhance the video stream coming from the FaceTime camera in the notebooks. 6 - TensorFlow Natural Language Processing (NLP) May 9, 2024 · The M3 has an 8-core CPU made up of four performance cores and four efficiency cores. It achieved a 5,561 MBps read speed Jun 22, 2022 · Neural Engine: 16-core: 16-core: Transistors: 20 billion: 16 billion: Memory bandwidth: 100 GB/s: 68 GB/s: Apple M2 chip: Performance test results compared. Hardware-accelerated H. Thanks for the data point! May 7, 2024 · A graphic representing the new M4 chip, highlighting its Neural Engine and detailing its 1) 16-core design and 2) that it’s faster and more efficient. 3 Teraflops. However, if you feel you need more info on the iMac M3 with 24gb RAM 8-core CPU 10-core GPU, and 16-core <GASP> Neural Engine and 1TB SSD <GASP> storage you can go to YouTube and search for iMac M3 with 24gb RAM <GASP> 8-core CPU 10-core GPU, and 16-core Neural Testing conducted by Apple in September and October 2023 using preproduction 16-inch MacBook Pro systems with Apple M3 Max, 16-core CPU, 40-core GPU, 128GB of RAM, and 8TB SSD. 61 inches but it's light at 3. Reading this Reddit hardly and hardly find the Oct 25, 2019 · What can the Neural Core do? The Neural Core appears to be a key ingredient in a number of new functions packed into the Google Pixel 4 and Pixel 4 XL. I also considered a MacBook Pro M3 with an 8-core CPU, 10-core GPU, 16-core Neural Engine and 8GB SSD Jan 17, 2023 · Both chips also feature enhanced custom technologies, including a faster 16-core Neural Engine and Apple’s powerful media engine. Currently tensorflow has metal pluggable device which does support We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 0GHz 6-core 8th-generation Intel Core i5 processor with Intel UHD Graphics 630 Mac Mini? Ignore the price of both of them. Final Cut Pro 10. I am not an expert, but I know things like Center Stage use it The displays on the 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro have rounded corners at the top. So net decrease in performance, with an increased load. The next-generation Neural Engine is 40 percent faster than M1, speeding Sep 7, 2022 · Apple says that the A16 Bionic has a multicore processor with two high-performance cores and four efficiency cores, a five-core GPU and a 16-core neural engine for performing up to 17 trillion Jun 19, 2022 · In fact, the M1 Ultra will actually beat the M2 in every way, including the Neural Engine, because it has two 16-core Neural Engines. May 17, 2024 · On the surface, the M4 is the fourth iteration of Apple's M-branded system-on-a-chip (SoC) that houses a nine or 10-core CPU, a 10-core GPU, and a 16-core Neural Engine. Apple's very good at convincing people why something is a technical impossibility if it serves them well. MrGunny94 said: If you don't deal with anything GPU heavy the 16 core setup is fine. The graphics card has no dedicated graphics memory but can use the fast LPDDR5-6400 Feb 17, 2023 · What Is Apple Neural Engine (ANE)? Apple Neural Engine is a marketing name for a cluster of highly specialized compute cores optimized for the energy-efficient execution of deep neural networks on Apple devices. As for the Neural Engine, it’s still a 16 Oct 3, 2021 · To be specific, the 16-core Neural Engine enables the new Cinematic mode feature that provides a depth-of-field effect on videos using computation algorithms, as well as the Smart HDR 4 that for capturing images that are brighter and with better dynamic range. The graphics The Apple Neural Engine (or ANE) is a type of NPU, which stands for Neural Processing Unit. Apple's introduction 300GB/s (14-core), 400GB/s (16-core) Media Engine: Video decode engine, The Neural Engine is the same across the entire generation, with the exception of Ultra The A16 integrates an Apple-designed five-core GPU, which is reportedly coupled with 50% more memory bandwidth when compared to the A15's GPU. LITTLE Design. However, both NVIDIA cards shined when utilising all available cores and memory thanks to the larger data size. Got an M2 Max with 12‑core CPU, 38‑core GPU, 16‑core Neural Engine, 64GB unified memory, 4TB SSD storage. Without the Pixel Neural Core either, any offloaded functions would now fall to the 765G. 8 trillion operations per second, 40% better overall than the M1's version. Furthermore, the SoC integrates a fast 16 core neural engine (faster than M1 Pro), a secure enclave (e. M4 features a new display engine enabling the stunning precision, colour accuracy, and brightness uniformity of the Ultra Retina XDR display. I went with 32 GB RAM (I have lots of apps open all the time and have noticed some lagging), and 2 TB SSD. With these two plugins it's cool to use effects or cabs from one and amp from another and chain them in a DAW. As for the M2 Pro, it features up to a 12-core CPU along with up to a 19-core GPU. The ANE is a special processor that aims to make machine learning much faster and more optimised, as well as improving Oct 18, 2023 · The Neural Engine on the Apple A17 Pro has also seen a huge bump in performance compared to the Neural Engine on A16 Bionic. The 32gb of RAM is much less of an improvement, compared to the 10 vs 8 core performance. The ANE isn't the only NPU out there — many companies besides Apple are developing their own AI accelerator After Effects help and inspiration the Reddit way. When training ML models, developers benefit from accelerated training on GPUs with PyTorch and TensorFlow by leveraging the Metal Performance Shaders (MPS) back end. And, by the way, Apple has Apple M3 Pro chip with 12‑core CPU, 18‑core GPU, 16‑core Neural Engine 36GB unified memory 1TB SSD storage Option 2: Apple M3 Pro chip with 12‑core CPU, 18‑core GPU, 16‑core Neural Engine 36GB unified memory 2TB SSD storage Option 3: Apple M3 Max chip with 14‑core CPU, 30‑core GPU, 16‑core Neural Engine Oct 25, 2021 · The laptop I tested has a 10-core M1 Pro processor, a 16-core GPU, a 16-core Neural Engine, 32GB of LPDDR5 RAM, and 200GBps memory bandwidth. It also has 16GB of RAM and a 512GB SSD for storage. Feb 16, 2024 · CPU: M3 Pro with a 11-core CPU (5 performance cores, 6 efficiency cores), 16-core Neural Engine GPU : 14-core GPU Memory : 18GB unified memory (150GBps memory bandwidth) Core ML is designed to seamlessly take advantage of powerful hardware technology including CPU, GPU, and Neural Engine Yep. However, Apple could soon add more Added machine learning controller allowing ML models to be automatically scheduled on the CPU/GPU/Neural Engine for better efficiency and performance 6 trillion operations per second A14 Bionic: Neural Engine up to 80% faster (on the most “critical machine learning models”) 16 core design 11 trillion operations per second Intel calls their out-of-core NPU the "Gaussian Neural Accelerator" (GNA), and they're developing a new version they call the "Versatile Processing Unit" (VPU) to be found in Meteor Lake and later. Testing conducted by Apple in September and October 2023 using preproduction 14-inch MacBook Pro systems with Apple M3 Pro, 12 Jan 23, 2023 · With a new low price for the base model, and two peppy processor options, Apple's Mac mini offers a huge upgrade in capability while looking the same as ever. Profile your app’s Core ML‑powered features using the Core ML and Neural Engine instruments. This powerhouse component, when integrated with the CPU and GPU, in Apple's 12-core CPU with 8 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores. Integrated Thunderbolt 4 controllers that offer more I/O bandwidth than before. 4TOPs, a decrease compared to last years Neural engine package in the 855. 8-Core CPU : ARM big. From Wikipedia: The neural engine allows Apple to implement neural network and machine learning in a more energy-efficient manner than using either the main CPU or the GPU. 74. Feb 25, 2022 · Since you're on an Air, you can actually make the ANE wake up and do stuff: just run FaceTime. If they are betting on the technology then they want it in people’s machines so developers have an audience to build for. 264, HEVC, ProRes and ProRes RAW. Two Video encode engines. Step up, and you can configure the M2 Pro with a 12-core CPU and 19-core GPU. What should I absolutely have before this thing arrives next week at my doorstep? I'm also getting the Apple 27" display along with a 2TB OWC Envoy Pro SX for a little extra storage/backup. You'd have to access it in another way. Apple says the new 16-core engine is up to twice as fast as compared to The Apple M1 Pro 16-Core-GPU is an integrated graphics card by Apple offering all 16 cores in the M1 Pro Chip. a. 2 inches diagonally (actual viewable area is less). In conclusion, the fact that they are dropping support for a 8 month old device like iPhone 15 is insane and unethical to say the least. It accelerates machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, offering tremendous speed, memory, and power . While the core counts haven't changed, the M4's 16-core neural I believe the iMac M3 with 24gb RAM 8-core CPU 10-core GPU, and 16-core Neural Engine and 1TB SSD storage <GASP> should be enough. The Apple M1 is paired with either 8 GB or 16 GB of LPDDR4X memory using a system-in-a-package design. Video decode engine. #14. If I had gone with 10-core CPU / 16-core GPU at the end of the calculation it would have cost me about $340 more. A subreddit dedicated to learning machine learning Oct 30, 2023 · Custom Engines for AI and Video. The Neural Engine is up to 60 percent faster than in the M1 family of chips, making AI/ML workflows even faster while keeping data on device to preserve privacy. Counter argument: augmented reality is 3 years old and still rarely used. (Image credit: Future) The MacBook Pro M3 has a release date of November 7 and it starts at $1,599. So yesterday morning I took a leap and ordered a new MacBook Pro. For that Mar 8, 2022 · M1 Ultra can be configured with up to 128GB of high-bandwidth, low-latency unified memory that can be accessed by the 20-core CPU, 64-core GPU, and 32-core Neural Engine, providing astonishing performance for developers compiling code, artists working in huge 3D environments that were previously impossible to render, and video professionals who May 7, 2024 · Additionally, the M4 chip features a new 16-core Neural Engine capable of processing 38 trillion operations per second. Locked post. Core ML is tightly integrated with Xcode. 406K subscribers in the learnmachinelearning community. 5x more than M1 — M1 Max is the largest chip Apple has ever built. On one hand this is good in its simplicity in that someone can't really forget the neural engine, if code should run better there it 8-core CPU with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores ; 16-core Neural Engine; 100GB/s memory bandwidth; Media Engine. g. It’s an investment in market conditions. cpp, mlx and many others - these don't use it at all. A neural network hardware is an artificial intelligence accelerator designed for specific artificial The "neural engine" is an AI/Machine Learning accelerator chip. It has 200GB/s of memory bandwidth — double the amount in M2 — and supports up to 32GB of memory. lol Feb 14, 2024 · 16-core Neural Engine in all iPhone 12 models; 16-core Neural Engine in all iPhone 13 models; 16-core Neural Engine in all iPhone 14 models; 16-core Neural Engine in all iPhone 15 models; Even in the years when Apple did not increase the number of cores in the Neural Engine, it has still improved the performance of the engine. Apple ‌M1 Pro‌ with 10-core CPU, 16 The Neural Engine is Apple’s term for an artificial intelligence (AI) processor. 2 inches and 16. 7 best movies like 'Good Will Jun 14, 2023 · That honor goes to the MacBook Pro 16-inch 2023. The performance of the 16gb is almost identical to the 32gb model, due to how fast the internal storage is, and Mar 5, 2024 · For starters, the MacBook Air M3 includes a faster and more efficient 16-core Neural Engine, plus accelerators in the CPU and GPU to boost on-device machine learning. Also, ANE isn't for ML in general, it seems to be specifically designed for only a sub-set of typical neural network computations. 00 (B&H) Prebuilt bhphotovideo. Mini Mac M2 Pro (10-core CPU, 16-GPU, 16-core neural engine, 16GB RAM and 512GB SSD We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. This is supplemented by either an 8-core or a 10-core GPU (depending on the model) and a 16-core Neural Engine I'm completely new to Apple's ecosystem and just purchased M1 MBA. It can be handed tasks like finding your outline using the webcam to blur the background, or clean up noise in photos without tying up the CPU. The M3 Max (30 core GPU) also closed the gap between the NVIDIA cards. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. With a 1TB SSD, the 14-inch MacBook Pro I reviewed is Jan 24, 2023 · The Apple M2 Max 38-Core-GPU is an integrated graphics card by Apple offering all 38 cores in the M2 Max Chip. While I love this processor, many people are correct when they mention the comparisons to the 12700K. I've read that M1 has 16 core Neural engine and 8 core GPU, I wanted to utilize all the resources to train my machine learning based models, does anyone know how can I achieve that? Please guide me for the same. which is quite good. Since it seems NE is only being used for Face ID and Animoji, wouldn Apr 11, 2019 · DaVinci Resolve 16's Neural Engine at work picking out faces from various clips. The 2048 ALUs offer a theoretical performance of up to 5. 16-core Neural Engine. M3, M3 Pro, and M3 Max also have an enhanced Neural Engine to accelerate powerful machine learning (ML) models. There is a 4 Core GPU, with 128ALUs per core, for 512ALUs total in the A14/A15, 640 in the 5 core model. @dotnet won't be able to do that on a Mini, though. 9 tested using a 1-minute picture-in-picture project with multiple streams of Apple ProRes 422 video at 8192x4320 resolution and 30 frames per second Jan 18, 2023 · The integrated graphics card in the M1 Pro 10-core offers all 16 of the 19 cores. 4 pounds. ) AMD Ryzen 5 2600. You can spend slightly more money ($80~) to purchase the 12700K for a more complete CPU. With 57 billion transistors — 70 percent more than M1 Pro and 3. Dec 14, 2023 · 16-core Neural Engine; 8GB or 16GB of RAM; Studio, it has now been replaced by the M2 Ultra, but you may still find a 2022 Mac Studio available, potentially at a good discount. While The Intel CPU Core i7-12700F is a powerful processor, realize that it can’t be overclocked. The 16-core neural engine is the same across both chips. 8 teraflops, an increase of 26 times that of iPhone X. I opted for 16 core as I wanted the full M1 Pro die. It's like a GPU, but instead of accelerating graphics an NPU accelerates neural network operations such as convolutions and matrix multiplies. Hi everyone! I'm looking to upgrade my laptop (I currently have a MacBook Pro Retina Mid-2016) and one of my options is a MacBook Air M3 with an 8-core CPU, 10-core GPU, 16-core Neural Engine and 16GB SSD memory ($1,250). The Neural Engine is specifically designed to handle tasks that are too large or complex for a device’s Central Processing Feb 15, 2024 · Apple is seemingly looking to offer a revamped Neural Engine with the iPhone 16 to keep up with Samsung’s AI innovations for Android. There's a huge difference on my M2 Air with base 8c GPU, denoise now takes ~10s (vs 30s before the update) to process 16 Mpx RAWs. Xcode integration. 9 tested using a 1-minute picture-in-picture project with multiple streams of Apple ProRes 422 video at 8192x4320 resolution and 30 frames per second iPhone 8/8+ have the exact same SoC w/ the neural engine. Explore your model’s behavior and performance before writing a single line of code. Feb 14, 2024 · 16-core Neural Engine in all iPhone 14 models 16-core Neural Engine in all iPhone 15 models Apple has still improved the Neural Engine's performance over the years, even when core counts have not Interesting that you can't actually tell easily if your model is actually using the Neural Engine, Apple's API will just automagically shuffle as it sees fit between the ANE, GPU, and CPU (and AMX extensions). 264, HEVC Programmers can use Neural Engine via Core ML API. MKBHD said they should be able to do it. Oct 19, 2021. The M1 Max is for the 1% guys who want either 3 displays or full gpu performance for video editing / 3D model or data related stuff. 6. We also ran the Blackmagic disk speed test to measure the 16-inch MacBook Pro’s SSD performance. May 8, 2024 · Apple's neural engine—the equivalent to Intel's NPU —is a dedicated chunk of silicon made for AI and machine-learning features. com Open. AI is the center of attention in the smartphone industry in 2024, and Apple is looking to catch up with its Android competitors by making the iPhone 16’s Neural Engine one of the best around. 38-core GPU. The A16's memory has been upgraded to LPDDR5 for 50% higher bandwidth and a 7% faster 16-core neural engine, capable of 17 trillion operations per second (TOPS). These improvements center mainly around The M4 Max is going to be an even bigger beast. Jan 23, 2023 · This version comes with an M2 Pro chip featuring a 10-core CPU, 16-core GPU and 16-core neural engine. For the GPU to be 55% better, assuming there’s no LPDDR5, you’d see a clock speed increase significantly over the prior generation. 99 base model drops the specs down to a 14-core M3 Max (4 efficiency cores, 10 performance cores) CPU, 36GB unified memory, 16-core Neural Engine, 1TB SSD, a 30-core graphics chip and a Jan 10, 2024 · The Neural Engine from Apple is a neural network hardware and a dedicated artificial intelligence or AI accelerator integrated within the Apple A series and Apple M series of systems-on-chips that are used in iPhone, iPad, and Mac devices. In other words, chances are good scikit-learn is using 0% of the ANE. Blackmagic Design has also added its new DaVinci Neural Engine, which uses 'state of the art deep neural networks and learning, along with artificial intelligence to power new features such as speed warp motion estimation for retiming, super scale for up-scaling Aug 10, 2022 · Apple ‌M1 Pro‌ with 8-core CPU, 14-core GPU, 16-core Neural Engine. , for Nov 1, 2023 · Apple also showed off how well these M3-powered Pros can play modern graphically-demanding games like Baldur's Gate 3 and Lies of P, so there's good reason to think upgrading to a MacBook Pro with The new feature is branded as Neural Mix, highlighting its use of Apple's Core ML frameworks to take advantage of dedicated Neural Engine hardware on modern mobile devices including the new A12Z Bionic powered iPad Pro. MacBook Pro 16-inch (M1 Max) 5,314 / 5,564. Most currently Dec 14, 2020 · As an SoC, it combines 8 CPU cores, an 8-core GPU, a 16-core Neural Engine, an image signal processor (ISP), an NVMe storage controller, a Thunderbolt 4 controller and a Secure Enclave – all in a single chip. Meanwhile, AMD's counterpart is the recently announced "Ryzen AI", so far found only in Ryzen 7040 series mobile processors, a. It also means that our review of the MacBook Pro 16-inch—which comes equipped with the top-of-the-line 16-core M3 Max processor, the 2. Animoji doesn’t work if the room is too dark meaning it doesn’t use all of the Face ID sensors. Illustrious_Put7069 . See how they did that for years with RCS support on iPhones. It not being included on the 8+ was purely a means to push people who would want Animoji to the X. 9 tested using a 1-minute picture-in-picture project with multiple streams of Apple ProRes 422 video at 8192x4320 resolution and 30 frames per second Oct 18, 2022 · The 16-core Neural Engine in the M2 is still a 16-core version, but one that operates at up to 15. 4. Advertise on Reddit; Shop Collectible Avatars; 256GB SSD, 10-Core GPU, 16-Core Neural Engine - $479. za cl cg et np mt ls vq fp kt